International appeal seeks to uncover identities of 46 deceased women

Source: Interpol (news and events)

8 October 2024

LYON, France – Six European countries and INTERPOL have joined forces to solve 46 cold cases involving unidentified women whose remains were found across Europe years ago.

Most of the women were either murdered or had died in suspicious or unexplained circumstances. Some of the cases date from decades ago.

The initiative builds on the success of the Identify Me appeal launched in May 2023 to identify 22 deceased women, with some 1,800 tips received from the public. It has now been expanded to include additional cold cases from Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands, as well as cases from new participating countries France, Italy, and Spain.

The appeal highlights the importance of public involvement and international cooperation in solving cold cases. It provides hope that crucial leads can be generated, so more of these women can be identified and that justice is served if murder has been established.

Identify Me has already seen noteworthy results after a case was solved after 31 years. Within two days of the launch of the first phase of Identify Me on 10 May 2023, relatives of Rita Roberts in the United Kingdom contacted the appeal hotline after they recognized their relative’s tattoo from news coverage.

Rita Roberts was 31 when she left Cardiff, Wales in February 1992. Her family last heard from her in May 1992, and her unidentified body was discovered in Antwerp on 3 June 1992. An investigation determined that she was a victim of murder. That case remains part of the international effort to request information, identify and seek justice for these deceased women.

Celebrity ambassadors

The appeal features the strong support – including in the video below – of the following leading actresses, singers, and sports figures from the participating countries, to help raise awareness of the cold cases and encourage public involvement:

Belgium: Veerle Baetens and Axelle Red

France: Marie-José Pérec and Sarah Biasini

Germany: Regina Halmich and Katrin Müller-Hohenstein

Italy: Carolina Kostner and Alice Bellandi

Netherlands: Carice van Houten and Stien den Hollander

Spain: Luisa Martin and Mabel Lozano

The cold cases

Details on each case have been made available on INTERPOL’s Identify Me web page, depicting facial reconstructions of some of the women.

There are also images of items such as jewellery and clothing which were discovered at the various land and water sites where the women’s remains were abandoned.

These cases underscore the difficulties in identifying human remains, often found years ago in remote or isolated locations, as well as the challenge of tracing some of these deceased women back to their home countries.

INTERPOL Secretary General Jürgen Stock said:

“Our goal in the Identify Me campaign is simple. We want to identify the deceased women, bring answers to families, and deliver justice to the victims. But we can’t do it alone. That is why we are appealing to the public to join us in this effort. Their help could make the difference.

“Even the smallest piece of information can be vital in helping solve these cold cases. Whether it is a memory, a tip, or a shared story, the smallest detail could help uncover the truth. The public could be the key to unlocking a name, a past, and in delivering long-overdue justice.”

Role of forensics in cold cases

The participating member countries and INTERPOL are working closely together in the appeal to leverage their analytical capabilities and advanced forensic methods, such as DNA profiling, facial reconstruction, and isotopic analysis. These techniques can provide significant clues about the victim’s origin, lifestyle, and cause of death. 

Since 2021, INTERPOL has been providing investigators with a new global tool, the I-Familia database, which contains some 20,000 profiles from almost 80 countries. It has already solved cases by helping identify unknown bodies through international family DNA kinship matching.

Such cases draw on the voluntary DNA contributions made by relatives of the missing, and underline the role played by the public and partners when it comes to identifying missing persons.

INTERPOL Black Notices

INTERPOL has published a Black Notice alert for each of the unknown women, to seek information on the unidentified bodies and determine the circumstances of their death.

While these alerts are intended for the police only, Identify Me represents the first time INTERPOL has publicly released extracts from Black Notices.

Black Notices can include information on the location where the body was found, biometric information (DNA, fingerprints, facial images), dental charts, physical descriptions of the body or clothing, and any other details relevant to identifying the deceased.

What you can do

Each of these deceased women has a story and relatives who deserve answers. We urge anyone with information to come forward and assist in this vital effort.

Members of the public, particularly those who remember a missing friend or family member, are invited to consult the INTERPOL website and contact the relevant national police team should they have any information. Details can be found on www.interpol.int/IM

For biological relatives who believe one of the women could be their missing loved one, national police can liaise with INTERPOL for international DNA comparison.

Contact forms are at the bottom of each case summary, providing a crucial link for families seeking answers and justice.

Deep Dive Recap: Protection of Civilians and the Gender Perspective

Source: NATO

On the 24 September 2024, the NATO International Military Staff (IMS) Office of the Gender Advisor (GENAD) hosted its monthly Deep Dive Session, this time focused on the intersection between Protection of Civilians (PoC) and the gender perspective. The session explored NATO’s evolving approach to the protection of civilians while integrating the gender perspective, as well as its growing collaboration with external actors in conflict zones to better protect civilians from harm.

Subject-matter expertise was provided by Mr Anthony Icayan, PoC and Civil-Military Interaction Subject-Matter Expert at NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) and Ms Viviana De Annuntiis, Liaison and Knowledge Development Deputy Section Head at NATO Allied Joint Force Command Naples (JFCNP).

Mr Icayan remarked that the 2022 NATO Strategic Concept calls for the integration of the Human Security and Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agendas across all core tasks. The traditional approach to PoC was based on civilian harm mitigation. Nevertheless, Mr Icayan underlined that a new PoC mindset is needed in the face of new challenges such as hybrid warfare, the increasing use of human shields in conflicts and intentional civilian targeting. NATO PoC has legal, moral and political imperatives, but it also impacts mission success and legitimacy. NATO’s role entails increasing obligations to protect civilians from harm by both adversaries and NATO’s own actions. He stressed that this is achieved when applying a broader human security framework focusing on civilians’ perspectives, needs and facilitating access to essential services. This Military Conceptual framework is composed of four different elements:

  1. Understanding the Human Environment (UHE) from a population’s perspective;
  2. Mitigate Harm (MH) through minimizing harm from own actions and the actions of Perpetrators;
  3. Facilitate Access to Basic Needs (FABN) for civilians and aid workers;
  4. Contribute to a Safe and Secure Environment (C-SASE) for local governments and institutions.

Mr Icayan argued that the integration of WPS in PoC crosses all three elements of the PoC framework. First, mitigating harm entails the direct protection of vulnerable groups, especially women and children, seeking to maintain awareness of and eventually deter issues such as sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and the recruitment of Child Soldiers. Further, conducting gender analysis with proper gender disaggregated data ensures a more holistic understanding of the human environment and helps tailor activities to the needs of vulnerable groups. This will identify the unique security concerns of Men, Women, Boys and Girls, while also help establish mobility patterns and economic activities. Second, facilitating access to basic needs requires enabling the activities of beneficiary populations and civil aid workers to ensure humanitarian aid distribution with a gender aware approach. Lastly, contributing to a safe and secure environment necessitates the inclusion of women in all efforts to prevent and resolve conflict and support in the training and development of local authorities’ and security forces ability to provide for the human security of all members of society. 

Ms De Annuntiis stated that contemporary military operations are conducted in volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environments which underlines that men, women, boys and girls must remain at the centre of efforts for the PoC. This also underlines the importance of promoting collaboration among Allies, Partners, NGOs and other international organisations to share concerns and efforts for the PoC. Ms De Annuntiis observed that today’s conflicts are increasingly characterised by belligerency and large explosives used in key civilian areas. Identifying the groups who are considered the most vulnerable has an impact on targeting. Indeed, the direct damage of targeting urban areas is multi-layered. First, while men have the highest death rate in conflicts, children are disproportionally impacted as they fall victim to the worst injuries and require health services the most. Second, the urbanisation of attacks has an impact on key services which can lead to informal settlements that risk disproportionally exposing women and girls to cases of SGBV. Last, civilian life and population wellbeing is subject to overwhelming modifications. In fact, trauma and injuries can lead women and girls to take on additional caretaking roles and become marginalised in the peace-making processes.  

Ms De Annuntiis delved into the intersection of the gender perspective with PoC and hybrid threats. Indeed, civilians heavily rely on information to be aware of risks and consequently protect themselves. Information allows civilians to make active decisions which enhances their safety. The central role of civilians in the assessment of the human environment is strictly linked to information warfare, especially when coupled with conflict. Disinformation can create chaos and undermine civilians’ ability to make effective choices for their own protection. Belligerents have an operational interest in spreading misinformation and disinformation to make it more viable to target civilians. She stated that coupled analyses and efforts towards the PoC, gender perspective and StratCom are necessary to contrast such phenomenon. 

In conclusion, integrating gender and PoC is a comprehensive strategy that can intersect with resilience and civil preparedness. NATO’s role has to be temporary until local authorities and populations can manage their own security. However, PoC must encompass people, objects and services. Considering the gender perspective and principles of the WPS agenda can foster a more holistic approach to conflict as well as effective prevention and protection measures.

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